Destiny’s Child · The Writing’s on the Wall

Independent Women, Part I

Independent Women, Part I is in F sharp minor at 97.9 beats per minute.

Tempo

98 BPM · Andantemedian of 252 analyses · 97.9–98 across the middle eight tenths

Key: F♯ minor3 sharps · the key most of the analyses agreed on
Agreement: 97%share of analyses that agreed
Analyses: 252people who ran the extractor
One beat: 612.9milliseconds, 60,000 ÷ BPM
Tuning: 439.7Hz · -1 cents from A 440
Dynamics: 5.16dB the level wanders from its average
Loudness: 0.862Essentia's 0–1 scale, not dB
Danceability: 1.337Essentia's danceability, 0–3

Source: AcousticBrainz, dump of 2022-06-23 (CC0) · MusicBrainz core data, 2026-09-17 (CC0) · how each number is measured. Measured up to 23.06.2022 — AcousticBrainz stopped collecting in 2022, so nothing released after that date is here.

What the numbers say

252 independent analyses of this recording were submitted to AcousticBrainz. All but a handful of them — 97% — put it in F sharp minor, a key signature of 3 sharps. The tempo printed above is the median of the 252 readings; 98% of them land within 2% of it, and they barely differ at all.

At 97.9 BPM one beat lasts 612.9 milliseconds, so a sixteenth note is 153.2 ms and a dotted eighth 459.7 ms — the delay times for this recording. Counted half as fast it is 49 BPM, counted twice as fast 195.8. A score would mark that Andante, by the ranges this site uses.

The analyses put the reference pitch of the recording at 439.7 Hz, which is 1 cents below concert A at 440 Hz — close enough to standard that a tuner would not argue. That is a fact about this transfer of the music, not about how it was played.

The dynamic complexity of the recording measures 5.16 dB: that is how far the level wanders from its own average, so a small number means a loud, flat master and a large one means a recording that still breathes. Its average loudness is 0.862 on Essentia's 0-to-1 scale, which is not decibels and is not comparable to a streaming service's number.

10 other recordings here are in F sharp minor; the ones listed below are the closest in tempo.

Beats per bar are not in this dataset. AcousticBrainz's analysis reports a tempo, a key and a loudness, and no time signature at all, so this page does not print one — a 4/4 here would be a guess dressed as a measurement.

Keys that fit with F♯ minor

Each of these differs from F♯ minor by at most one accidental, or shares its tonic. That is the whole of what a mixing wheel encodes; here the relations are named instead of numbered.

Delay times at 98 BPM

Note value	Beats	Milliseconds	Hertz
Whole note	4	2451.5	0.41
Half note	2	1225.7	0.82
Dotted quarter	1.5	919.3	1.09
Quarter note (one beat)	1	612.9	1.63
Quarter triplet	0.667	408.6	2.45
Dotted eighth	0.75	459.7	2.18
Eighth note	0.5	306.4	3.26
Eighth triplet	0.333	204.3	4.9
Dotted sixteenth	0.375	229.8	4.35
Sixteenth note	0.25	153.2	6.53
Sixteenth triplet	0.167	102.1	9.79
Thirty-second note	0.125	76.6	13.05

Half time 49 BPM · double time 195.8 BPM. Every row is one beat (612.9 ms) times the fraction in the second column.

Closest in key and tempo

Recordings in F sharp minor, ordered by how near their tempo is to 98 BPM. A calculation, not a recommendation.

All songs in F sharp minor All songs at 98 BPM F♯ minor at 90–99 BPM Destiny’s Child

MusicBrainz collapses 4 recording ids into this one. Recording id 3c1b83a3-e00a-4ec8-a1fc-3dda82545bbe.