Louis Armstrong · Armstrong Alumni Allstars

Introduction

Introduction is in E flat major at 115.5 beats per minute.

4080120160200

Tempo

116 BPM · Moderatomedian of 136 analyses · 81.4–165.6 across the middle eight tenths
Key
E♭ major3 flats · the key most of the analyses agreed on
Agreement
26%share of analyses that agreed
Analyses
136people who ran the extractor
One beat
519.5milliseconds, 60,000 ÷ BPM
Tuning
438.5Hz · -6 cents from A 440
Dynamics
6.9dB the level wanders from its average
Loudness
0.612Essentia's 0–1 scale, not dB
Danceability
1.155Essentia's danceability, 0–3

Source: AcousticBrainz, dump of 2022-06-23 (CC0) · MusicBrainz core data, 2026-09-17 (CC0) · how each number is measured. Measured up to 23.06.2022 — AcousticBrainz stopped collecting in 2022, so nothing released after that date is here.

What the numbers say

136 independent analyses of this recording were submitted to AcousticBrainz. Fewer than half of them — 26% — put it in E flat major, a key signature of 3 flats. The tempo printed above is the median of the 136 readings; 10% of them land within 2% of it, and the middle eight tenths of them run from 81.4 to 165.6 BPM. That is a recording the detector cannot settle on — the readings are spread far enough that the median is a summary of a disagreement rather than a measurement anybody should trust to the decimal.

At 115.5 BPM one beat lasts 519.5 milliseconds, so a sixteenth note is 129.9 ms and a dotted eighth 389.6 ms — the delay times for this recording. Counted half as fast it is 57.8 BPM, counted twice as fast 231. A score would mark that Moderato, by the ranges this site uses.

The analyses put the reference pitch of the recording at 438.5 Hz, which is 6 cents below concert A at 440 Hz — the sort of drift a tape machine or a slightly different mastering leaves behind. That is a fact about this transfer of the music, not about how it was played.

The dynamic complexity of the recording measures 6.9 dB: that is how far the level wanders from its own average, so a small number means a loud, flat master and a large one means a recording that still breathes. Its average loudness is 0.612 on Essentia's 0-to-1 scale, which is not decibels and is not comparable to a streaming service's number.

10 other recordings here are in E flat major; the ones listed below are the closest in tempo.

Beats per bar are not in this dataset. AcousticBrainz's analysis reports a tempo, a key and a loudness, and no time signature at all, so this page does not print one — a 4/4 here would be a guess dressed as a measurement.

Keys that fit with E♭ major

Each of these differs from E♭ major by at most one accidental, or shares its tonic. That is the whole of what a mixing wheel encodes; here the relations are named instead of numbered.

Delay times at 116 BPM

Note valueBeatsMillisecondsHertz
Whole note42077.90.48
Half note210390.96
Dotted quarter1.5779.21.28
Quarter note (one beat)1519.51.93
Quarter triplet0.667346.32.89
Dotted eighth0.75389.62.57
Eighth note0.5259.73.85
Eighth triplet0.333173.25.78
Dotted sixteenth0.375194.85.13
Sixteenth note0.25129.97.7
Sixteenth triplet0.16786.611.55
Thirty-second note0.12564.915.4

Half time 57.8 BPM · double time 231 BPM. Every row is one beat (519.5 ms) times the fraction in the second column.

Closest in key and tempo

  1. One HeartCéline DionE♭ major116BPM
  2. You’ve Got a Friend in MeRandy NewmanE♭ major116BPM
  3. The Closer I Get to YouBeyoncé with Luther VandrossE♭ major116BPM
  4. Candy ShopMadonnaE♭ major116BPM
  5. Don’t You RememberAdeleE♭ major115BPM
  6. Something Happened on the Way to HeavenPhil CollinsE♭ major115BPM
  7. Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)C+C Music Factory featuring Freedom WilliamsE♭ major115BPM
  8. On Bended KneeBoyz II MenE♭ major117BPM
  9. One SlipPink FloydE♭ major117BPM
  10. RememberAirE♭ major117BPM

Recordings in E flat major, ordered by how near their tempo is to 116 BPM. A calculation, not a recommendation.

All songs in E flat majorAll songs at 116 BPME♭ major at 110–119 BPMLouis Armstrong

MusicBrainz collapses 34 recording ids into this one. Recording id 142c409f-e29e-4933-86ea-25a04d66b741.