Michael Jackson · Invincible

Break of Dawn

Break of Dawn is in F minor at 81 beats per minute.

Tempo

81 BPM · Andantemedian of 135 analyses · 80.9–95 across the middle eight tenths

Key: F minor4 flats · the key most of the analyses agreed on
Agreement: 89%share of analyses that agreed
Analyses: 135people who ran the extractor
One beat: 740.7milliseconds, 60,000 ÷ BPM
Tuning: 434.2Hz · -23 cents from A 440
Dynamics: 5.8dB the level wanders from its average
Loudness: 0.742Essentia's 0–1 scale, not dB
Danceability: 1.205Essentia's danceability, 0–3

Source: AcousticBrainz, dump of 2022-06-23 (CC0) · MusicBrainz core data, 2026-09-17 (CC0) · how each number is measured. Measured up to 23.06.2022 — AcousticBrainz stopped collecting in 2022, so nothing released after that date is here.

What the numbers say

135 independent analyses of this recording were submitted to AcousticBrainz. Most of them — 89% — put it in F minor, a key signature of 4 flats. The tempo printed above is the median of the 135 readings; 89% of them land within 2% of it, and the middle eight tenths of them run from 80.9 to 95 BPM.

At 81 BPM one beat lasts 740.7 milliseconds, so a sixteenth note is 185.2 ms and a dotted eighth 555.6 ms — the delay times for this recording. Counted half as fast it is 40.5 BPM, counted twice as fast 162. A score would mark that Andante, by the ranges this site uses.

The analyses put the reference pitch of the recording at 434.2 Hz, which is 23 cents below concert A at 440 Hz — the sort of drift a tape machine or a slightly different mastering leaves behind. That is a fact about this transfer of the music, not about how it was played.

The dynamic complexity of the recording measures 5.8 dB: that is how far the level wanders from its own average, so a small number means a loud, flat master and a large one means a recording that still breathes. Its average loudness is 0.742 on Essentia's 0-to-1 scale, which is not decibels and is not comparable to a streaming service's number.

10 other recordings here are in F minor; the ones listed below are the closest in tempo.

Beats per bar are not in this dataset. AcousticBrainz's analysis reports a tempo, a key and a loudness, and no time signature at all, so this page does not print one — a 4/4 here would be a guess dressed as a measurement.

Keys that fit with F minor

Each of these differs from F minor by at most one accidental, or shares its tonic. That is the whole of what a mixing wheel encodes; here the relations are named instead of numbered.

Delay times at 81 BPM

Note value	Beats	Milliseconds	Hertz
Whole note	4	2963	0.34
Half note	2	1481.5	0.68
Dotted quarter	1.5	1111.1	0.9
Quarter note (one beat)	1	740.7	1.35
Quarter triplet	0.667	493.8	2.03
Dotted eighth	0.75	555.6	1.8
Eighth note	0.5	370.4	2.7
Eighth triplet	0.333	246.9	4.05
Dotted sixteenth	0.375	277.8	3.6
Sixteenth note	0.25	185.2	5.4
Sixteenth triplet	0.167	123.5	8.1
Thirty-second note	0.125	92.6	10.8

Half time 40.5 BPM · double time 162 BPM. Every row is one beat (740.7 ms) times the fraction in the second column.

Closest in key and tempo

Recordings in F minor, ordered by how near their tempo is to 81 BPM. A calculation, not a recommendation.

All songs in F minor All songs at 81 BPM F minor at 80–89 BPM Michael Jackson

MusicBrainz collapses 1 recording id into this one. Recording id f48703b5-789f-4f93-89e3-a9fe895a89d1.